Types of conclusions

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 There are several types of conclusions you can use in KCSE set book essays. The conclusion should summarize your argument and answer the essay question without introducing new ideas.

1. Summary Conclusion

Restates the main points discussed.

Example

In conclusion, Professor Kimani Karanja's experiences clearly show that failed leadership causes immense suffering to citizens. Through economic hardship, the loss of his daughter, demotion, imprisonment and family breakdown, the novel demonstrates the devastating effects of poor governance.

2. Call-to-Action Conclusion

Encourages readers or leaders to take action.

Example

In conclusion, Fathers of Nations teaches that leaders should embrace integrity, accountability and good governance. Only through responsible leadership can citizens enjoy justice, security and a better quality of life.

3. Lesson/Moral Conclusion

States the lesson learnt from the essay.

Example

In conclusion, the novel teaches that failed leadership has far-reaching consequences for ordinary citizens. It reminds both leaders and citizens that honesty, accountability and respect for the rule of law are essential for a prosperous nation.

4. Opinion/Judgement Conclusion

Gives a final evaluation based on the discussion.

Example

In conclusion, it is evident that Professor Kimani Karanja is a victim of a corrupt and oppressive system. His experiences strongly support the statement that citizens in countries with failed leadership endure numerous hardships.

5. Predictive (Forward-Looking) Conclusion

Suggests what is likely to happen if the situation continues.

Example

In conclusion, unless corruption and poor leadership are addressed, many more citizens will continue to suffer injustices similar to those experienced by Professor Kimani Karanja.

6. Recommendation Conclusion

Offers practical solutions to the problem discussed.

Example

In conclusion, governments should promote transparency, strengthen institutions and uphold justice to prevent the suffering caused by failed leadership. This will help create a society where citizens can thrive.

KCSE Tip

For literature essays, the safest and most effective conclusion is to:

Restate the main argument.

Confirm that the discussion has answered the question.

End with a lesson, recommendation, or call to action if appropriate.

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